What Are the Symptoms of Hydrocephalus?

Hydrocephalus is a neurological condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain's ventricles. This buildup can increase pressure inside the skull, leading to various symptoms that affect both children and adults. Dr. Arun Rajeswaran, a leading neurosurgeon in Dubai, specializes in diagnosing and treating hydrocephalus to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes. Understanding the symptoms of hydrocephalus is essential for early detection and effective management.

Symptoms of Hydrocephalus in Infants

Hydrocephalus can be present at birth (congenital) or develop after birth. In infants, symptoms are often more noticeable due to the skull's ability to expand. Common signs include:

• Unusually large head size – A rapidly increasing head circumference is one of the most common indicators of hydrocephalus in infants.

• Bulging fontanelle (soft spot) – The soft spot on the baby’s head may appear tense or swollen.

• Downward deviation of the eyes (sun-setting eyes) – Infants may have difficulty looking upwards, with the eyes appearing to gaze downward.

• Poor feeding and vomiting – Babies with hydrocephalus may struggle to feed properly and experience frequent vomiting.

• Irritability and high-pitched crying – Increased intracranial pressure can make infants unusually fussy or difficult to console.

• Seizures – In some cases, hydrocephalus can lead to seizures due to increased brain pressure.

Symptoms of Hydrocephalus in Children

As children grow, the symptoms of hydrocephalus may change. Common signs include:

• Headaches – Persistent headaches, especially in the morning, can indicate increased pressure inside the skull.

• Nausea and vomiting – These symptoms are often linked to increased intracranial pressure.

• Vision problems – Blurred vision, double vision, or difficulty focusing may occur due to pressure on the optic nerve.

• Balance and coordination issues – Children may experience trouble walking or frequent falls.

• Delayed development – Learning difficulties, poor concentration, and delays in milestones may be present.

• Personality or behavioral changes – Mood swings, irritability, or difficulty concentrating may indicate hydrocephalus.

Symptoms of Hydrocephalus in Adults

In adults, hydrocephalus can develop due to injury, infection, or aging. Common symptoms include:

• Chronic headaches – Persistent and worsening headaches are a key symptom.

• Memory problems and confusion – Cognitive decline, difficulty recalling information, or dementia-like symptoms may appear.

• Loss of bladder control – Sudden or frequent urination can be a sign of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) in older adults.

• Difficulty walking – A shuffling gait or problems with balance and coordination are common in adult hydrocephalus.

• Sleep disturbances – Excessive sleepiness or difficulty waking up can be associated with increased brain pressure.

When to Seek Medical Help?

If you or a loved one experience any of these symptoms, early medical intervention is crucial. Dr. Arun Rajeswaran, an expert neurosurgeon in Dubai, offers advanced diagnostic and treatment options for hydrocephalus, including surgical procedures such as ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV).

Conclusion

Hydrocephalus is a serious condition that requires timely diagnosis and treatment. Recognizing the symptoms early can prevent severe complications and improve quality of life. If you or someone you know is experiencing signs of hydrocephalus, consult Dr. Arun Rajeswaran for expert care and advanced treatment solutions in Dubai.